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本文构建家庭教育投资性别偏好模型，从理论上探讨农村多子女家庭教育投资的性别差异及内在原因，并将2018年中国住户收入调查(CHIP)的农村住户数据和宏观统计数据相结合，实证检验相关理论假说。研究表明，整体来看农村多子女家庭的教育投资存在显著的男孩偏好。分样本分析发现，农村家庭教育投资的性别差异存在出生次序异质性，与长子相比，父母更易牺牲长女的教育投资以满足其他子女的教育资源获取，但幼子与幼女间可获得的家庭教育投资并无显著差异。进一步分析发现，地区公共教育支出与家庭收入水平的提高可以在一定程度上缓解农村多子女家庭的教育投资性别差异。此外，本文从子女的社会价值和经济价值两个方面，探讨了农村家庭教育投资性别差异的内在原因，发现农村传统的男孩偏好观念和劳动力市场上的性别歧视导致了农村家庭教育投资的性别差异。

This paper first constructs a gender preference model of household educational investment,theoretically explores the gender differences and internal mechanisms of educational investment in rural multi-child households,and then empirically tests the theoretical hypotheses by combining rural household data from the 2018 China Household Income Survey( CHIP) and macro statistics. The study shows that overall there is a significant preference for boys in the educational investment of rural multi-child households. Sub-sample analysis reveals that there is birth order heterogeneity in gender differences in rural household educational investment,and that parents are more likely to sacrifice their eldest daughter's educational investment to meet the allocation of educational resources to their other children than their eldest son,but that there is no significant difference in the household educational investment available between youngest sons and youngest daughters. Further analysis reveals that the improvement of regional public education expenditures and family income can mitigate gender differences in education investment among rural multi-child households to some extent. The paper then explores the internal mechanism of gender differences in education investment in rural households in terms of the social and economic value of children,and finds that the traditional concept of preference for boys in rural areas and gender discrimination in the labor market lead to gender differences in education investment in rural households.