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本文从劳动力市场演变和劳动者时间配置的视角出发，探讨了超时工作对家庭消费行为的影响，特别是线上消费的快速增长是否与工作时间延长有关，本文为理解中国线上消费的快速增长提供了新的视角。在理论分析部分，本文扩展了经典的消费–闲暇模型，引入线上消费和线下消费两种方式，推导结果表明，工作时间延长将增加线上消费的比重，可能对家庭总消费和消费结构产生影响。基于2013—2019年“中国家庭金融调查”数据的实证研究发现，超时工作对中年家庭的总消费有显著负面影响，但对整体家庭总消费水平的影响不显著。然而，超时工作显著改变了家庭的消费方式，线上消费在总消费中的比重增加，线下消费比重减少。此外，超时工作还降低了家庭服务类消费品的比重，不利于消费结构升级。为克服可能存在的内生性偏误，本文采用省级层面的2.5天弹性休假政策作为准自然实验，并运用双重差分法(DID)进行识别，通过倾向匹配得分(PSM)与DID结合的方法进行稳健性检验，结果依然稳健。本文研究为“以缓解劳动者超时工作换取消费增长空间”提供了经验证据，为全面促进消费和优化消费结构的公共政策提供了决策参考。
Abstract：Starting from the perspective of labor market evolution and workers' time allocation, this paper explores the impact of overtime work on household consumption behavior, especially whether the rapid growth of online consumption is related to longer working hours, and this paper provides new perspectives for understanding the rapid growth of online consumption in China. In the theoretical analysis part, this paper extends the classical consumption-leisure model by introducing both online and offline consumption. The study shows that longer working hours will increase the proportion of online consumption, and at the same time may have an impact on total household consumption and consumption structure. Based on empirical research using the 2013—2019 “China Household Finance Survey” data, the study shows that overtime work has a significant negative impact on total consumption in middle-aged households, but has no significant effect on overall household consumption levels. However, overtime work significantly changes the consumption patterns of households, with online consumption increasing and offline consumption decreasing. In addition, overtime work reduces the share of household service consumption, which is not conducive to upgrading the consumption structure. To overcome the possible endogeneity bias, this paper adopts the 2.5-day flexible leave system at the provincial level as a quasi-natural experiment and applies the Difference-in-Differences(DID) method to identify it, and conducts a robustness test through the combination of Propensity-Matching Scores(PSM) and DID, and the results remain robust. This study provides empirical evidence for “trading overtime work of laborers for the space of consumption growth” and offers a reference for public policies aimed at promoting consumption comprehensively and optimizing the consumption structure.
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(1)受篇幅限制,详细推导过程未予展示,备索。
(2)受篇幅限制,详细推导过程未予展示,备索。
(3)受篇幅限制,详细推导过程未予展示,备索。
(4)我们梳理了省/市/县层面出台的2.5天休假政策的时间、政策文件名称和具体规定,受篇幅限制,具体内容未予展示,备索。
(5)其中3个市/县都只规定了一年中的某一段时间实行该制度。
(6)即0.030/0.14=21.43%。
基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:F249.2;F126.1
引用信息:
[1]贾男,廖飘雪.以时间换空间：超时工作与家庭消费行为的适应性[J].消费经济,2025,41(05):1-18.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金一般项目“增强内生动力促进农村低收入群体稳定增收的理论机理和政策模拟”(23BJY009)